One rate cut is all that's left on the table as inflation shocks and political pressure collide at the Fed

One rate cut is all that remains within reach for the Federal Reserve this year, and even that is uncertain. Inflation pressures from a global supply shock — triggered by the six-week Iran conflict — have already pushed U.S. consumer prices to their fastest rise in nearly four years, driven by a record surge in gasoline and diesel. Crude oil prices have jumped more than 30%, feeding directly into household budgets and hardening inflation expectations. Short-term inflation expectations have ticked up, and the Fed, meeting in March, held its benchmark rate steady in the 3.50% to 3.75% range. Still, a majority of policymakers signaled at least one cut could be appropriate in 2024. Former Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen, speaking at the HSBC Global Investment Summit in Hong Kong, said that if she were attending the next FOMC meeting, she would write down one cut — later in the year — as her best guess. Yet markets have moved even further away from that view: traders have now priced out any chance of a 2024 cut, reversing earlier bets on two. The shift reflects not just inflation but growing concern over political interference. Former President Donald Trump has launched an aggressive campaign to pressure the Fed, criticizing Chair Jerome Powell and pushing to replace him with Kevin Warsh, whom Trump believes would deliver steep rate cuts. Trump has also targeted the Fed’s headquarters renovation, sending prosecutors from Jeanine Pirro’s office to inspect the project over cost concerns. Yellen, who chaired the Fed from 2014 to 2018, called the level of political pressure unprecedented, describing it as a threat to the central bank’s independence. With inflation limiting monetary flexibility and political forces testing institutional boundaries, the path to easier policy has narrowed to a single, fragile possibility.